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美中聯(lián)合聲明
作者:趙麗娜律師發(fā)布   出處:法律顧問(wèn)網(wǎng)·涉外m.jeanmcdaniel.com     時(shí)間:2011/3/30 16:51:00

U.S.-China Joint Statement

美中聯(lián)合聲明

Signatory: China; United States
Date of Signature: 11/17/2009
Validity Status: Valid
締約方: 中國(guó);美國(guó)
締約時(shí)間: 11/17/2009
效力狀態(tài): 有效

Text

正文

At the invitation of President Hu Jintao of the People's Republic of China, President Barack Obama of the United States of America is paying a state visit to China from November 15–18, 2009.  The Presidents held in-depth, productive and candid discussions on U.S.-China relations and other issues of mutual interest.  They highlighted the substantial progress in U.S.-China relations over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, and they reached agreement to advance U.S.-China relations in the new era.  President Obama will have separate meetings with Wu Bangguo, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Premier Wen Jiabao. President Obama also spoke with and answered questions from Chinese youth.
    應(yīng)中華人民共和國(guó)主席胡錦濤邀請(qǐng),美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克·歐巴馬于2009年11月15日至18日對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)。兩國(guó)元首就美中關(guān)系和其他共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入、富有成果、坦誠(chéng)的會(huì)談。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)了建交30年來(lái)美中兩國(guó)關(guān)系所取得的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展,并就在新時(shí)期推進(jìn)美中關(guān)系的發(fā)展達(dá)成一致。歐巴馬總統(tǒng)分別與全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)吳邦國(guó)和溫家寶總理舉行會(huì)談。歐巴馬總統(tǒng)還與中國(guó)青年人進(jìn)行了對(duì)話并回答他們的提問(wèn)。
I. The U.S.-China Relationship
The United States and China agreed that regular exchanges between leaders of the two countries are essential to the long-term, sound, and steady growth of U.S.-China relations.  The two sides are of the view that the three meetings between the two presidents and other important bilateral exchanges this year have strengthened relations.  President Obama invited President Hu to make a visit to the United States next year, and President Hu accepted the invitation with pleasure.  Leaders of the two countries will continue to maintain close communication through mutual visits, meetings, telephone conversations and correspondence. 
The United States and China spoke highly of the important role of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and recognized that the Dialogue offers a unique forum to promote understanding, expand common ground, reduce differences, and develop solutions to common problems.  Both sides believed that the first round of the Dialogue held in Washington, D.C., in July this year was a fruitful one and agreed to honor in good faith the commitments made and hold the second round in Beijing in the summer of 2010.  The two sides agreed that they will continue to use the direct communication links among senior leaders to maintain timely communication on major and sensitive issues, institutionalize the annual exchange of visits by the two foreign ministers and encourage senior officials of other departments of the two countries to exchange visits on a regular basis.
The United States and China commended the outcomes of the visit to the United States by General Xu Caihou, Vice Chairman of the Chinese Central Military Commission, in October this year, and stated that they will take concrete steps to advance sustained and reliable military-to-military relations in the future.  The two sides will prepare for the visit to the United States by General Chen Bingde, Chief of the General Staff of China's People's Liberation Army, and the visits to China by Robert Gates, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, and Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.  The two sides will actively implement various exchange and cooperation programs agreed between the two militaries, including by increasing the level and frequency of exchanges.  The goal of these efforts is to improve their capabilities for practical cooperation and foster greater understanding of each other's intentions and of the international security environment.
The United States and China agreed to deepen counter-terrorism consultation and cooperation on an equal and mutually beneficial basis and to strengthen law-enforcement cooperation.  They agreed to exchange evidence and intelligence on law enforcement issues in a timely and reciprocal manner.  The two countries will undertake joint investigations and provide investigative assistance on cases of mutual interest.  The United States and China will strengthen cooperation on criminal investigations and deepen collaboration in combating embezzlement as well as in counter-narcotics and pre-cursor chemical control and in combating unlawful migration.  They also will boost joint efforts to combat transnational crime and criminal organizations as well as money laundering and the financing of terrorism including counterfeiting and recovery of illicit funds. They will work to combat smuggling and human trafficking.
The United States reaffirmed its support for Expo 2010 Shanghai.
The United States and China applauded the rich achievements in scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges between the two countries over the past 30 years since the signing of the U.S.-China Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology and agreed to further upgrade the level of exchanges and cooperation in scientific and technological innovation through the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Science and Technology Cooperation.
The United States and China look forward to expanding discussions on space science cooperation and starting a dialogue on human space flight and space exploration, based on the principles of transparency, reciprocity and mutual benefit.  Both sides welcome reciprocal visits of the NASA Administrator and the appropriate Chinese counterpart in 2010.
The United States and China agreed to strengthen their cooperation on civil aviation, and confirmed their intent to expand the Memorandum of Agreement for Technical Cooperation in the field of Civil Aviation between the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of America and the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC).  The two sides welcomed cooperation by public and private bodies on the development of high speed railway infrastructure.
The United States and China undertook to implement the newly signed Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Agriculture of the United States of America and the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China on Cooperation in Agriculture and Related Fields.
The two countries agreed to collaborate further in joint research in the health sector including on stem cells.  They will deepen cooperation on global public health issues, including Influenza A (H1N1) prevention, surveillance, reporting and control, and on avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.  They will also enhance cooperation on food and product safety and quality.
The United States and China underlined that each country and its people have the right to choose their own path, and all countries should respect each other's choice of a development model.  Both sides recognized that the United States and China have differences on the issue of human rights.  Addressing these differences in the spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting and protecting human rights consistent with international human rights instruments, the two sides agreed to hold the next round of the official human rights dialogue in Washington D.C. by the end of February 2010.  The United States and China agreed that promoting cooperation in the field of law and exchanges on the rule of law serves the interests and needs of the citizens and governments of both countries.  The United States and China decided to convene the U.S.-China Legal Experts Dialogue at an early date.
The two countries noted the importance of people-to-people and cultural exchanges in fostering closer U.S.-China bilateral relations and therefore agreed in principle to establish a new bilateral mechanism to facilitate these exchanges.  The two sides are pleased to note the continued increase in the number of students studying in each other's country in recent years.  Nearly 100,000 Chinese are now studying in the United States, and the U.S. side will receive more Chinese students and facilitate visa issuance for them.  The United States has approximately 20,000 students in China.  The United States seeks to encourage more Americans to study in China by launching a new initiative to send 100,000 students to China over the coming four years.  China welcomed this decision by the United States.  The two sides agreed to expedite negotiations to renew in 2010 the Implementing Accord for Cultural Exchange for the Period Through 2010-2012 under the Cultural Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China. The United States and China agreed to jointly hold the Second U.S.-China Cultural Forum in the United States at an appropriate time.
    一、美中關(guān)系
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)一致認(rèn)為,兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人保持經(jīng)常性交往對(duì)美中關(guān)系長(zhǎng)期健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。雙方認(rèn)為兩國(guó)元首的三次會(huì)晤和其他重要雙邊交往加強(qiáng)了兩國(guó)關(guān)系。歐巴馬總統(tǒng)邀請(qǐng)胡主席于明年訪問(wèn)美國(guó),胡主席愉快地接受了邀請(qǐng)。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將繼續(xù)通過(guò)互訪、會(huì)晤、電話交談和通信等方式保持密切溝通。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)高度評(píng)價(jià)美中戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話機(jī)制的重要作用,認(rèn)為該對(duì)話為增進(jìn)理解、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)、減少分歧、尋求對(duì)共同問(wèn)題的解決辦法提供了獨(dú)特的論壇。雙方認(rèn)為今年七月在華盛頓特區(qū)舉行的首輪對(duì)話富有成果,同意誠(chéng)實(shí)履行所作承諾并將于2010年夏天在北京舉行第二輪對(duì)話。雙方同意繼續(xù)利用高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的直接聯(lián)系渠道就重大敏感問(wèn)題保持及時(shí)溝通,將兩國(guó)外長(zhǎng)年度互訪機(jī)制化,并鼓勵(lì)兩國(guó)其他部門(mén)高級(jí)官員定期互訪。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)中央軍事委員會(huì)副主席徐才厚上將今年10月訪美成果表示贊許,并表示將采取具體步驟推進(jìn)兩軍關(guān)系未來(lái)持續(xù)、可靠地向前發(fā)展。雙方將為中國(guó)人民解放軍總參謀長(zhǎng)陳炳德上將訪問(wèn)美國(guó)以及美國(guó)防務(wù)部長(zhǎng)羅伯特·蓋茨和美軍參謀長(zhǎng)聯(lián)席會(huì)議主席邁克爾·馬倫上將訪問(wèn)中國(guó)作好準(zhǔn)備。雙方將積極執(zhí)行兩國(guó)軍方已同意開(kāi)展的交流與合作計(jì)劃,其中包括提高兩軍交往的級(jí)別與頻率。上述各項(xiàng)努力旨在加強(qiáng)雙方開(kāi)展務(wù)實(shí)合作的能力,增進(jìn)對(duì)彼此意圖和國(guó)際安全環(huán)境的理解。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)同意在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上深化反恐磋商與合作,并加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法合作。兩國(guó)同意以及時(shí)和對(duì)等的方式就執(zhí)法事務(wù)交換證據(jù)和情報(bào)。兩國(guó)將就共同關(guān)心的案件開(kāi)展聯(lián)合調(diào)查,并提供調(diào)查協(xié)助。美國(guó)與中國(guó)將加強(qiáng)在刑事調(diào)查方面的合作,深化在打擊貪污、禁毒和前體化學(xué)品控制、打擊非法移民活動(dòng)方面的合作。兩國(guó)還將加強(qiáng)在打擊跨國(guó)犯罪和犯罪集團(tuán)以及反洗錢(qián)和包括打擊制造偽鈔、追討非法資金在內(nèi)的反恐融資領(lǐng)域的共同努力。兩國(guó)還將致力于打擊走私和人口販運(yùn)。
    美國(guó)重申了對(duì)上海2010年世博會(huì)的支持。
    美國(guó)與中國(guó)稱贊自簽署《美中科技合作協(xié)定》30年來(lái)兩國(guó)在科學(xué)和技術(shù)合作與交流領(lǐng)域取得的豐碩成果,同意通過(guò)美中科技合作聯(lián)委會(huì)進(jìn)一步提升科技創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域交流與合作的水平。
    美國(guó)與中國(guó)期待本著透明、對(duì)等和互利原則,擴(kuò)大在空間科學(xué)合作領(lǐng)域的討論,并就載人航天飛行和空間探索開(kāi)啟對(duì)話。雙方歡迎美國(guó)航空空間局局長(zhǎng)和中方相應(yīng)部門(mén)在2010年進(jìn)行互訪。
    美國(guó)與中國(guó)同意加強(qiáng)民用航空領(lǐng)域合作,并確認(rèn)有意擴(kuò)大《美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空局與中華人民共和國(guó)民用航空局民用航空技術(shù)合作協(xié)議備忘錄》。雙方歡迎公共和私人實(shí)體在發(fā)展高速鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行合作。
    美國(guó)與中國(guó)承諾將落實(shí)新簽署的《美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部和中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)合作的諒解備忘錄》。
    兩國(guó)同意就衛(wèi)生健康領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展聯(lián)合研究,包括干細(xì)胞聯(lián)合研究等。他們將深化在全球公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的合作,包括對(duì)甲型流感(H1N1)的預(yù)防、監(jiān)測(cè)、通報(bào)及控制以及禽流感、人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病、結(jié)核病和瘧疾。雙方還將加強(qiáng)在食品和產(chǎn)品安全與質(zhì)量方面的合作。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)強(qiáng)調(diào),各國(guó)及各國(guó)人民有權(quán)選擇自己的道路,所有國(guó)家都應(yīng)尊重各自發(fā)展模式的選擇。雙方都認(rèn)識(shí)到,美國(guó)與中國(guó)在人權(quán)問(wèn)題上存在一些分歧。本著平等和相互尊重的精神處理有關(guān)分歧,并遵照國(guó)際人權(quán)文書(shū)促進(jìn)和保護(hù)人權(quán),雙方同意于2010年2月底前在華盛頓特區(qū)舉行下一輪官方人權(quán)對(duì)話。美國(guó)和中國(guó)一致認(rèn)為促進(jìn)法律領(lǐng)域的合作和法治領(lǐng)域的交流符合兩國(guó)公民和政府的利益和需要。美國(guó)和中國(guó)決定盡早舉行美中法律專(zhuān)家對(duì)話。
    兩國(guó)注意到民間和文化交流對(duì)促進(jìn)更密切的美中雙邊關(guān)系的重要性,因此原則上同意建立新的雙邊機(jī)制,以便利這些交流。雙方高興地注意到近年來(lái)在彼此國(guó)家留學(xué)的人數(shù)不斷增加。目前有將近10萬(wàn)中國(guó)人在美學(xué)習(xí),美方將接受更多中國(guó)學(xué)生并將為他們提供簽證便利。美國(guó)在中國(guó)學(xué)生人數(shù)大約為2萬(wàn)人。美國(guó)希望鼓勵(lì)更多的美國(guó)人前往中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),為此將啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃,在今后四年時(shí)間內(nèi)向中國(guó)派出10萬(wàn)名學(xué)生。中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的這一決定表示歡迎。雙方同意加速談判為了在2010年續(xù)簽《美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)政府和中華人民共和國(guó)政府文化協(xié)定二0一0至二0一二年執(zhí)行計(jì)劃》,美國(guó)和中國(guó)同意在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候在美國(guó)聯(lián)合舉辦第二屆美中文化論壇。
II. Building and Deepening Bilateral Strategic Trust
The United States and China are of the view that in the 21st century, global challenges are growing, countries are more interdependent, and the need for peace, development, and cooperation is increasing.  The United States and China have an increasingly broad base of cooperation and share increasingly important common responsibilities on many major issues concerning global stability and prosperity.  The two countries should further strengthen coordination and cooperation, work together to tackle challenges, and promote world peace, security and prosperity.
The two countries believe that to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust is essential to U.S.-China relations in the new era.  During their discussions, the Chinese side said that it resolutely follows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening-up, and is committed to promoting the building of a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.  The United States reiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs.  The United States stated that it is committed to working with other countries in addressing the most difficult international problems they face. China welcomes the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability and prosperity in the region.  The two sides reiterated that they are committed to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive U.S.-China relationship for the 21st century, and will take concrete actions to steadily build a partnership to address common challenges.
The United States and China underscored the importance of the Taiwan issue in U.S.-China relations.  China emphasized that the Taiwan issue concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and expressed the hope that the United States will honor its relevant commitments and appreciate and support the Chinese side's position on this issue.  The United States stated that it follows its one China policy and abides by the principles of the three U.S.-China joint communiqués.  The United States welcomes the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Strait and looks forward to efforts by both sides to increase dialogues and interactions in economic, political, and other fields, and develop more positive and stable cross-Strait relations.
The two countries reiterated that the fundamental principle of respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity is at the core of the three U.S.-China joint communiqués which guide U.S.-China relations.  Neither side supports any attempts by any force to undermine this principle.  The two sides agreed that respecting each other's core interests is extremely important to ensure steady progress in U.S.-China relations.
The United States and China believe that bilateral cooperation on common global challenges will contribute to a more prosperous and secure world.  They reaffirmed their commitment made on 27 June 1998 not to target at each other the strategic nuclear weapons under their respective control.  The two sides believed that the two countries have common interests in promoting the peaceful use of outer space and agree to take steps to enhance security in outer space.  The two sides agreed to discuss issues of strategic importance through such channels as the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and military-to-military exchanges.
The United States and China agreed to handle through existing channels of consultations and dialogue military security and maritime issues in keeping with norms of international law and on the basis of respecting each other's jurisdiction and interests.
    二、建立和深化雙邊戰(zhàn)略互信
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)都認(rèn)為,在21世紀(jì),全球性的挑戰(zhàn)在增加,各國(guó)相互依賴的程度更高,對(duì)和平、發(fā)展與合作的需要在增加。美國(guó)和中國(guó)在事關(guān)全球穩(wěn)定與繁榮的眾多重大問(wèn)題上,擁有越來(lái)越廣泛的合作基礎(chǔ),肩負(fù)日益重要的共同責(zé)任。兩國(guó)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)與合作,共同努力應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn),并促進(jìn)世界和平、安全和繁榮。
    兩國(guó)相信,培育和深化雙邊戰(zhàn)略互信對(duì)新時(shí)代的美中關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。在討論中,中方表示,中國(guó)始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路,始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略,致力于推動(dòng)建立持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。美國(guó)重申,歡迎一個(gè)強(qiáng)大、繁榮、成功、在世界事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大作用的中國(guó)。美國(guó)表示致力于與其他國(guó)家共同努力應(yīng)對(duì)它們所面臨的最困難的國(guó)際問(wèn)題。中國(guó)歡迎美國(guó)作為一個(gè)亞太國(guó)家對(duì)該地區(qū)的和平、穩(wěn)定與繁榮作出貢獻(xiàn)。雙方重申致力于為21世紀(jì)建立積極、合作、全面的美中關(guān)系,并將采取切實(shí)行動(dòng)穩(wěn)步建立應(yīng)對(duì)共同挑戰(zhàn)的伙伴關(guān)系。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)強(qiáng)調(diào)了臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題在美中關(guān)系中的重要性。中國(guó)強(qiáng)調(diào)了臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題涉及中國(guó)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整,希望美國(guó)信守有關(guān)承諾,理解和支持中方在此問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)。美國(guó)表示遵循它的一個(gè)中國(guó)政策,遵守美中三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào)的原則。美國(guó)歡迎臺(tái)灣海峽兩岸關(guān)系的和平發(fā)展,期待雙方都努力增加經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治及其他領(lǐng)域的對(duì)話與互動(dòng),發(fā)展更加積極和穩(wěn)定的跨海峽關(guān)系。
    兩國(guó)重申,互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整的根本原則是屬于指導(dǎo)美中關(guān)系的美中三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào)的核心內(nèi)容。雙方均不支持任何勢(shì)力破壞這一原則的任何企圖。雙方一致認(rèn)為,尊重彼此核心利益對(duì)確保美中關(guān)系穩(wěn)步進(jìn)展極端重要。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)相信,在應(yīng)對(duì)共同全球性挑戰(zhàn)方面的雙邊合作將有助于促進(jìn)一個(gè)更繁榮和安全的世界。兩國(guó)重申了1998年6月27日作出的承諾,不將各自控制下的戰(zhàn)略核武器瞄準(zhǔn)對(duì)方。雙方相信,兩國(guó)在推動(dòng)和平利用外層空間方面著有共同利益,同意采取步驟加強(qiáng)外層空間的安全。雙方同意通過(guò)美中戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話、兩軍交往等渠道就具有戰(zhàn)略重要性的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論。
    美國(guó)和中國(guó)同意通過(guò)現(xiàn)有磋商和對(duì)話渠道,根據(jù)國(guó)際法準(zhǔn)則,在相互尊重管轄權(quán)和利益的基礎(chǔ)上處理軍事安全和海事問(wèn)題。
III. Economic Cooperation and Global Recovery
The two sides are determined to work together to achieve more sustainable and balanced global economic growth.  To that end, the two sides noted that their forceful and timely policy responses helped stem the decline in global output and stabilized financial markets.  The two sides agreed to sustain measures to ensure a strong and durable global economic recovery and financial system.  The two sides reiterated that they will continue to strengthen dialogue and cooperation on macro-economic policies.  The two sides pledge to honor all commitments made at the inaugural meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the G-20 summits, and APEC in Singapore.
The two sides commended the important role of the three G-20 summits in tackling the global financial crisis, and committed to work with other members of the G-20 to enhance the G-20's effectiveness as the premier forum for international economic cooperation.  The two sides agreed to work together, including through a cooperative process on mutual assessment to make the G-20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth a success.  The two sides welcomed recent agreements by the G-20 to ensure that the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) have sufficient resources and to reform their governance structures in order to improve IFIs credibility, legitimacy and effectiveness.  The two sides stressed the need to follow through on the quantified targets for the reform of quota and voting shares of IFIs as soon as possible, increasing the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing countries in these institutions consistent with the Pittsburgh Summit Leaders Statement.  They also agreed to work together to strengthen the capacity of these institutions to prevent and respond to future crises.
The two sides will further enhance communication and the exchange of information regarding macro-economic policy, and work together to pursue policies of adjusting domestic demand and relative prices to lead to more sustainable and balanced trade and growth.  China will continue to implement the policies to adjust economic structure, raise household incomes, expand domestic demand to increase contribution of consumption to GDP growth and reform its social security system.  The United States will take measures to increase national saving as a share of GDP and promote sustainable non-inflationary growth.  To achieve this, the United States is committed to returning the federal budget deficit to a sustainable path and pursuing measures to encourage private saving.  Both sides will also pursue forward-looking monetary policies with due regard for the ramifications of those policies for the international economy.
The two sides recognize the importance of open trade and investment to their domestic economies and to the global economy, and are committed to jointly fight protectionism in all its manifestations.  The two sides agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner. Both sides will expedite negotiation on a bilateral investment treaty. The two sides are committed to seeking a positive, ambitious, and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda in 2010.
The two sides spoke highly of the outcomes of the 20th Meeting of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade.  The two sides reaffirmed the commitment at this JCCT meeting and look forward to their full implementation.
    三、經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和全球復(fù)蘇
    雙方?jīng)Q心共同努力,實(shí)現(xiàn)更可持續(xù)和平衡的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。為此,雙方注意到各自強(qiáng)有力和及時(shí)的政策回應(yīng)措施已有助于遏制全球產(chǎn)出下降,并穩(wěn)定了金融市場(chǎng)。雙方同意延續(xù)旨在確保強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和金融體系的措施。雙方重申將繼續(xù)在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)對(duì)話與合作。雙方承諾履行在首輪戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話、20方集團(tuán)峰會(huì)和在新加坡舉行的亞太經(jīng)合組織會(huì)議中作出的所有承諾。
    雙方高度評(píng)價(jià)了三次20方集團(tuán)峰會(huì)在應(yīng)對(duì)全球金融危機(jī)中所發(fā)揮的重要作用,并承諾和20方集團(tuán)其他成員共同努力提高20方集團(tuán)作為國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作首要論壇的效力。雙方同意共同努力,包括通過(guò)一個(gè)有關(guān)相互評(píng)估的合作進(jìn)程,使2方集團(tuán)“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)有力、可持續(xù)、平衡增長(zhǎng)框架”獲得成功。雙方歡迎20方集團(tuán)近期達(dá)成的共識(shí),即確保國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)有充分資源,并改革自身治理結(jié)構(gòu)以提高國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)的可信性、正當(dāng)性和有效性。雙方強(qiáng)調(diào)必須盡早落實(shí)國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)份額和投票權(quán)量化的改革目標(biāo),按照皮茲堡峰會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人聲明增加新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中國(guó)家在這些機(jī)構(gòu)中的發(fā)言權(quán)和代表性。雙方還同意共同努力加強(qiáng)這些機(jī)構(gòu)防范和應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)危機(jī)的能力。
    雙方將進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的溝通與信息交流,共同努力采取調(diào)整國(guó)內(nèi)需求和相對(duì)價(jià)格的政策,以導(dǎo)致更可持續(xù)更平衡的貿(mào)易與增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)落實(shí)政策,調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),提高家庭收入,擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,增加消費(fèi)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的貢獻(xiàn),改革社會(huì)保障體系。美國(guó)將采取措施提高國(guó)內(nèi)儲(chǔ)蓄在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比重,推動(dòng)可持續(xù)的非通貨膨脹的增長(zhǎng)。為此,美國(guó)致力于讓聯(lián)邦預(yù)算赤字重歸可持續(xù)的路徑并采取措施鼓勵(lì)私人儲(chǔ)蓄。雙方還將采取前瞻性的貨幣政策,并適當(dāng)關(guān)注這些政策對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。
    雙方認(rèn)識(shí)到開(kāi)放貿(mào)易和投資對(duì)各自國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要性,并致力于共同打擊各種形式的保護(hù)主義。雙方同意以建設(shè)性、合作性和互利性的方式,積極努力解決雙邊貿(mào)易和投資爭(zhēng)端。雙方將加快雙邊投資條約的談判。雙方致力于推動(dòng)多哈發(fā)展議程在2010年取得一個(gè)積極、富有雄心、平衡的最終結(jié)果。
    雙方高度評(píng)價(jià)了第20屆美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)會(huì)議的成果。雙方重申在會(huì)議中所作承諾并期待其得到全面落實(shí)。
IV. Regional and Global Challenges
The two sides noted that, at a time when the international environment is undergoing complex and profound changes, the United States and China share a responsibility to cooperatively address regional and global security challenges. The two sides stressed that they share broad common interests in the Asia-Pacific region and support the development and improvement of an open and inclusive regional cooperation framework that is beneficial to all.  The two sides will work to encourage APEC to play a more effective role in promoting regional trade and investment liberalization and economic and technical cooperation and for the ASEAN Regional Forum to play a more effective role in strengthening regional security cooperation.
The two sides agreed that respect for the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, IAEA mandates, and implementation of all relevant UN Security Council resolutions are essential for the success of our joint efforts to stem the spread of nuclear weapons.  The two presidents recalled their participation at the September 24, 2009, UN Security Council Summit on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear disarmament.  They welcomed the outcome of the Summit and expressed their strong support for UN Security Resolution 1887.
The two sides reaffirmed the importance of continuing the Six-Party Talks process and implementing the September 19, 2005, Joint Statement, including denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of relations and establishment of a permanent peace regime in Northeast Asia.  The two sides stated that they will work together with other parties concerned to comprehensively achieve the purpose and overall goal of the Six-Party Talks through consultations and dialogues.  The Chinese side welcomed the start of high-level contacts between the United States and the DPRK.  The two sides expressed the hope that the multilateral mechanism of the Six Party Talks would convene at an early date.
The two sides noted with concern the latest developments with regard to the Iranian nuclear issue.  The two sides agreed that Iran has the right to peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the NPT and it should fulfill its due international obligations under that treaty.  They welcomed the talks in Geneva on October 1st between the P5+1 and Iran as a promising start towards addressing international concerns about Iran's nuclear program, and expressed their readiness to continue that engagement as soon as possible.  The two sides emphasized that all efforts should be made to take confidence building steps and called on Iran to respond positively to the proposal of the IAEA Director General.  The two sides reaffirmed their strong support for a comprehensive and long-term solution to the Iranian nuclear issue through negotiations, and called on Iran to engage constructively with the P5+1 and to cooperate fully with the IAEA to facilitate a satisfactory outcome. 
The two sides welcomed all efforts conducive to peace, stability and development in South Asia.  They support the efforts of Afghanistan and Pakistan to fight terrorism, maintain domestic stability and achieve sustainable economic and social development, and support the improvement and growth of relations between India and Pakistan.  The two sides are ready to strengthen communication,  dialogue and cooperation on issues related to South Asia and work together to promote peace, stability and development in that region.
The two sides underlined their commitment to the eventual realization of a world free of nuclear weapons.  They reiterated their opposition to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and will jointly uphold the international nuclear non-proliferation regime.  They agreed to enhance non-proliferation cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and equality.  They will work together to achieve a successful Review Conference of Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 2010.  They committed to pursue ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as soon as possible, and will work together for the early entry into force of the CTBT.  They support the launching of negotiations on the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty at an early date in the Conference on Disarmament, and stand ready to strengthen communication and cooperation in nuclear safety and security and in combating nuclear terrorism.  China attaches importance to the U.S. initiative to hold a nuclear security summit in April 2010 and will actively participate in the preparations for the summit.
The two sides also discussed the importance of UN peacekeeping operations in promoting international peace and security.
The two sides agreed to enhance dialogue on development issues to explore areas of cooperation and coordination and to ensure that both countries' efforts are conducive to achieving sustainable outcomes.
    四、地區(qū)及全球性挑戰(zhàn)
    雙方注意到,在國(guó)際環(huán)境發(fā)生復(fù)雜深刻變化之際,美國(guó)和中國(guó)在合作應(yīng)對(duì)地區(qū)和全球安全挑戰(zhàn)方面負(fù)有共同責(zé)任。雙方強(qiáng)調(diào)兩國(guó)在亞太地區(qū)有著廣泛的共同利益,并支持發(fā)展和改善一個(gè)對(duì)各方有利的開(kāi)放、包容的地區(qū)合作框架。雙方將努力鼓勵(lì)亞太經(jīng)合組織在促進(jìn)地區(qū)貿(mào)易投資自由化和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作方面發(fā)揮更有效的作用,并敦促東盟地區(qū)論壇在加強(qiáng)地區(qū)安全合作方面發(fā)揮更有效的作用。
    雙方一致認(rèn)為遵守《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》和國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的規(guī)定并執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)所有相關(guān)決議對(duì)我們共同成功阻止核武器擴(kuò)散至關(guān)重要。兩國(guó)元首回憶了在2009年9月24日出席的聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)核不擴(kuò)散與核裁軍峰會(huì)。他們對(duì)峰會(huì)的成果表示歡迎并堅(jiān)決支持聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)《1887號(hào)決議》。
    雙方重申了繼續(xù)六方會(huì)談進(jìn)程和落實(shí)2005年9月19日《共同聲明》的重要性,包括朝韓半島無(wú)核化、關(guān)系正;霸跂|北亞建立永久和平機(jī)制。雙方表示,將與其他有關(guān)各方共同努力,通過(guò)協(xié)商和對(duì)話,面實(shí)現(xiàn)六方會(huì)談宗旨和總體目標(biāo)。中方對(duì)美朝開(kāi)始高級(jí)別接觸表示歡迎。雙方表示希望六方會(huì)談的多邊機(jī)制早日啟動(dòng)。
    雙方關(guān)切地注意到伊朗核問(wèn)題相關(guān)的最新動(dòng)向。雙方同意,伊朗根據(jù)《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》擁有和平利用核能的權(quán)利,也應(yīng)履行其根據(jù)該條約所應(yīng)盡的國(guó)際義務(wù)。雙方對(duì)10月1日“五常加一”和伊朗在日內(nèi)瓦舉行的會(huì)談表示歡迎,認(rèn)為這是朝向解決國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)伊朗核項(xiàng)目關(guān)注的一個(gè)有希望的開(kāi)端,并表示愿盡快繼續(xù)此類(lèi)接觸。雙方強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)盡一切努力采取建立信心措施,并呼吁伊朗對(duì)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)總干事的提議作出積極回應(yīng)。雙方重申堅(jiān)定支持通過(guò)談判達(dá)成對(duì)伊朗核問(wèn)題的長(zhǎng)期全面解決辦法,呼吁伊朗與“五常加一”進(jìn)行建設(shè)性接觸,并與國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)全面合作,以取得令人滿意的結(jié)果。
    雙方歡迎一切有助于南亞和平、穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展的努力。雙方支持阿富汗和巴基斯坦為打擊恐怖主義、維護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)穩(wěn)定、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展所作出的努力,支持印度和巴基斯坦關(guān)系的改善和增長(zhǎng)。雙方愿就南亞相關(guān)問(wèn)題加強(qiáng)溝通、對(duì)話與合作,并共同促進(jìn)該地區(qū)的和平、穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。
    雙方強(qiáng)調(diào)了致力于最終實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)沒(méi)有核武器的世界。雙方重申反對(duì)大規(guī)模毀滅性武器擴(kuò)散,并將共同維護(hù)國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散體系。雙方同意在相互尊重和平等的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)防擴(kuò)散合作。雙方將為2010年的《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》締約方審議大會(huì)取得成功而共同努力。雙方致力于盡早批準(zhǔn)《全面禁止核試驗(yàn)條約》,并將共同努力使條約早日生效。雙方支持在裁軍會(huì)議中早日啟動(dòng)“禁止生產(chǎn)裂變材料條約”談判,并隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備在核安全保安和打擊核恐怖主義方面加強(qiáng)溝通與合作。中國(guó)重視美國(guó)提出的在2010年4月舉行核安全峰會(huì)的倡議,將積極參與峰會(huì)籌備。
    雙方還討論了聯(lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)對(duì)促進(jìn)國(guó)際和平與安全的重要性。
    雙方同意就發(fā)展問(wèn)題加強(qiáng)對(duì)話,探討合作和協(xié)調(diào)領(lǐng)域,并確保兩國(guó)的努力有助于取得可持續(xù)的成果
V. Climate Change, Energy and Environment
The two sides held a constructive and productive dialogue on the issue of climate change.  They underscored that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time.  The two sides maintain that a vigorous response is necessary and that international cooperation is indispensable in responding to this challenge. They are convinced of the need to address climate change in a manner that respects the priority of economic and social development in developing countries and are equally convinced that transitioning to a low-carbon economy is an opportunity to promote continued economic growth and sustainable development in all countries.      
Regarding the upcoming Copenhagen Conference, both sides agree on the importance of actively furthering the full, effective and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in accordance with the Bali Action Plan. The United States and China, consistent with their national circumstances, resolve to take significant mitigation actions and recognize the important role that their countries play in promoting a sustainable outcome that will strengthen the world's ability to combat climate change.  The two sides resolve to stand behind these commitments.
In this context both sides believe that, while striving for final legal agreement, an agreed outcome at Copenhagen should, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, include emission reduction targets of developed countries and nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries.  The outcome should also substantially scale up financial assistance to developing countries, promote technology development, dissemination and transfer, pay particular attention to the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt to climate change, promote steps to preserve and enhance forests, and provide for full transparency with respect to the implementation of mitigation measures and provision of financial, technology and capacity building support.
The two sides are committed to working together and with other countries in the weeks ahead for a successful outcome at Copenhagen.
The two sides agreed that the transition to a green and low-carbon economy is essential and that the clean energy industry will provide vast opportunities for citizens of both countries in the years ahead and welcomed significant steps forward to advance policy dialogue and practical cooperation on climate change, energy and the environment, building on the U.S.-China Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and Environment announced at the first round of U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue this July and formally signed during the Presidential visit.
The two sides recognized the importance of the Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) and commit to strengthen cooperation in promoting clean air, water, transportation, electricity, and resource conservation.  Through a new U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Action Plan under the TYF, the United States and China will work together to achieve cost-effective energy efficiency improvements in industry, buildings and consumer products through technical cooperation, demonstration and policy exchanges.  Noting both countries significant investments in energy efficiency, the two Presidents underscored the enormous opportunities to create jobs and enhance economic growth through energy savings.
The two sides welcomed the signing of the Protocol Between the Department of Energy of the United States of America and the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China on a Clean Energy Research Center.  The Center will facilitate joint research and development on clean energy by teams of scientists and engineers from both countries, as well as serve as clearing house to help researchers in each country, with public and private funding of at least $150 million over five years split evenly between the two countries.  The Center will have one headquarters in each country. Priority topics to be addressed will include energy efficiency in buildings, clean coal (including carbon capture and sequestration), and clean vehicles.
The two sides welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Electric Vehicles Initiative designed to put millions of electric vehicles on the roads of both countries in the years ahead. Building on significant investments in electric vehicles in both the United States and China, the two governments announced a program of joint demonstration projects in more than a dozen cities, along with work to develop common technical standards to facilitate rapid scale-up of the industry.  The two sides agreed that their countries share a strong common interest in the rapid deployment of clean vehicles.
The two sides strongly welcomed work in both countries to promote 21st century coal technologies.  They agreed to promote cooperation on large-scale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) demonstration projects and to begin work immediately on the development, deployment, diffusion, and transfer of CCS technology.  The two sides welcomed recent agreements between Chinese and U.S. companies, universities, and research institutions to cooperate on CCS and more efficient coal technologies.
The two sides welcomed the signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and the National Development and Reform Commission of China to Build Capacity to Address Climate Change.
The two sides welcomed the launch of The U.S.-China Renewable Energy Partnership.  Through this Partnership, the two countries will chart a pathway to wide-scale deployment of wind, solar, advanced bio-fuels, and a modern electric power grid in both countries and cooperate in designing and implementing the policy and technical tools necessary to make that vision possible. Given the combined market size of the two countries, accelerated deployment of renewable energy in The United States and China can significantly reduce the cost of these technologies globally.
The two sides welcomed the establishment of The U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program (ECP), a partnership between government and industry to enhance energy security and combat climate change.  The ECP will leverage private sector resources and expertise to accelerate the deployment of clean energy technology.
The two sides commended the results of the recently-held Fourth U.S.-China Energy Policy Dialogue and Ninth U.S.-China Oil and Gas Industry Forum and welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Shale Gas Resource Initiative to accelerate the development of unconventional natural gas resources in China.  Drawing on recent experience in the United States, this initiative aims to improve energy security in both countries and help China transition to a low-carbon economy.
The two sides agreed to work together to advance global efforts to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy.  They welcomed the recently-concluded Third Executive Committee Meeting of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, and the commitment of the partnership to explore ways to enhance the international framework for civil nuclear energy cooperation.  They agreed to consult with one another in order to explore such approaches -- including assurance of fuel supply and cradle-to-grave nuclear fuel management so that countries can access peaceful nuclear power while minimizing the risks of proliferation.
    五、氣候變化、能源與環(huán)境
    雙方就氣候變化問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了建設(shè)性和富有成效的對(duì)話。雙方強(qiáng)調(diào)氣候變化是我們時(shí)代的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一。雙方認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)作出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng),而且國(guó)際合作是不可或缺的。雙方確信,應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要尊重發(fā)展中國(guó)家把經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展作為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng),并同樣地確信,向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型是促進(jìn)所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。
    關(guān)于即將召開(kāi)的哥本哈根會(huì)議,雙方同意,依據(jù)“巴厘行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”積極促進(jìn)《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》全面、有效和可持續(xù)實(shí)施具有重要意義。美國(guó)和中國(guó)決心根據(jù)各自國(guó)情采取有意義的減緩行動(dòng),并認(rèn)識(shí)到兩國(guó)在促成加強(qiáng)世界應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化能力的可持續(xù)成果方面具有重要作用。雙方?jīng)Q心支持這些承諾。
    在此背景下,雙方相信,在致力于達(dá)成最終的法律協(xié)議的同時(shí),哥本哈根的一個(gè)同意的成果應(yīng)在共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則和各自能力的基礎(chǔ)上,包括發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的減排目標(biāo)和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的國(guó)家適當(dāng)減緩行動(dòng)。這一成果也應(yīng)實(shí)質(zhì)性地增加給發(fā)展中國(guó)家的資金幫助,促進(jìn)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)、推廣和轉(zhuǎn)移,尤其應(yīng)注意最貧窮國(guó)家和最脆弱國(guó)家適應(yīng)氣候變化的需要,促進(jìn)保護(hù)和增強(qiáng)森林的措施,并在執(zhí)行減緩措施以及提供資金、技術(shù)和能力建設(shè)支持方面提供全面的透明度。
    雙方?jīng)Q心共同并與其他國(guó)家一道在未來(lái)幾周內(nèi)為了在哥本哈根取得成功的成果而努力。
    雙方一致認(rèn)為,向綠色、低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型十分關(guān)鍵,未來(lái)數(shù)年中清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)將為兩國(guó)公民提供大量機(jī)會(huì),并且歡迎基于今年7月首輪美中戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話期間宣布,在總統(tǒng)訪問(wèn)期間正式簽署的《美中關(guān)于加強(qiáng)氣候變化、能源和環(huán)境合作的諒解備忘錄》基礎(chǔ)上,雙方為推進(jìn)氣候變化、能源和環(huán)境的政策對(duì)話和務(wù)實(shí)合作采取重要步驟。
    雙方認(rèn)識(shí)到《能源和環(huán)境合作十年框架》的重要性,并致力于加強(qiáng)清潔的大氣、水、交通、電力和資源保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的合作。根據(jù)在10年合作框架下新制訂的美中能效行動(dòng)計(jì)劃,美中兩國(guó)將通過(guò)技術(shù)合作、示范和政策交流,共同努力在產(chǎn)業(yè)、建筑和消費(fèi)品領(lǐng)域以低成本高效益的方式提高能源效率。兩國(guó)元首注意到雙方在能效領(lǐng)域的重要投資,強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)節(jié)約能源將帶來(lái)的創(chuàng)造就業(yè)和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的巨大機(jī)會(huì)。
    雙方歡迎《美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)國(guó)能源部與中華人民共和國(guó)科技部、國(guó)家能源局關(guān)于美中清潔能源聯(lián)合研究中心合作議定書(shū)》的簽署。這個(gè)中心將為來(lái)自兩國(guó)科學(xué)家和工程人員從事清潔能源聯(lián)合研發(fā)提供便利,并為在兩國(guó)的研究人員提供交流平臺(tái),其未來(lái)5年內(nèi)將得到來(lái)自公共與私人的資金至少1.5億美元,兩國(guó)平均承擔(dān)。該中心在兩國(guó)各設(shè)一總部。優(yōu)先研究課題將包括建筑能效、清潔煤(包括碳捕集與封存)及清潔車(chē)輛。
    雙方歡迎啟動(dòng)美中電動(dòng)車(chē)輛倡議,使兩國(guó)在未來(lái)數(shù)年中有幾百萬(wàn)輛電動(dòng)車(chē)投入使用;诿乐袃蓢(guó)境內(nèi)在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域的巨大投資,兩國(guó)政府宣布在超過(guò)十二個(gè)城市開(kāi)展聯(lián)合示范項(xiàng)目,并努力開(kāi)發(fā)共同的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以推動(dòng)此產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)?焖僭鲩L(zhǎng)。雙方一致認(rèn)為兩國(guó)對(duì)清潔車(chē)的快速利用擁有很大的共同利益。
    雙方非常歡迎在兩國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展21世紀(jì)煤炭技術(shù)方面的努力。雙方同意促進(jìn)大規(guī)模碳捕集與封存示范項(xiàng)目方面的合作,并就碳捕集與封存技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)、利用、推廣和轉(zhuǎn)移方面立即開(kāi)展工作。雙方歡迎美中兩國(guó)企業(yè)、大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)最近達(dá)成的碳捕集與封存以及煤炭高效利用技術(shù)合作協(xié)議。
    雙方歡迎《美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)局與中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)關(guān)于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化能力建設(shè)合作備忘錄》的簽署。
    雙方對(duì)美中可再生能源伙伴關(guān)系的啟動(dòng)表示歡迎。通過(guò)該伙伴關(guān)系,兩國(guó)將就大規(guī)模利用風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能、先進(jìn)生物燃料和現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)制定路線,在設(shè)計(jì)和執(zhí)行實(shí)現(xiàn)這一遠(yuǎn)景所需的政策和技術(shù)手段方面進(jìn)行合作。鑒于兩國(guó)相加市場(chǎng)規(guī)模巨大,在美國(guó)和中國(guó)加快利用可再生能源可以在全球范圍內(nèi)大幅度降低這些技術(shù)的成本。
    雙方歡迎建立美中能源合作項(xiàng)目——一種政府和產(chǎn)業(yè)間的伙伴關(guān)系,其目的是加強(qiáng)能源安全和應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。該項(xiàng)目將利用私營(yíng)部門(mén)資源和專(zhuān)長(zhǎng),加快清潔能源技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。
    雙方對(duì)近期舉辦的第四屆美中能源政策對(duì)話和第九屆美中石油和天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)論壇表示贊許,并對(duì)加速中國(guó)非常規(guī)天然氣資源發(fā)展的美中頁(yè)巖氣資源合作倡議的啟動(dòng)表示歡迎。該倡議旨在利用美國(guó)近期的經(jīng)驗(yàn),改善兩國(guó)能源安全,幫助中國(guó)向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。
    雙方同意將為促進(jìn)和平利用核能的全球努力而合作,并歡迎近期舉行的全球核能伙伴關(guān)系第三次執(zhí)行委員會(huì)會(huì)議,以及該伙伴關(guān)系對(duì)探索途徑以強(qiáng)化民用核能合作的國(guó)際框架所作的承諾。雙方同意互相協(xié)商,以便探討這類(lèi)方法-包括保障燃料供應(yīng)和對(duì)核燃料自始至終的管理,從而在將核擴(kuò)散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低的同時(shí),使各國(guó)能夠和平利用能源。

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