Constitution of the United States
美國憲法中英文對照版
Preamble
We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish
justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the
general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do
ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
序言
我們美利堅(jiān)合眾國的人民，為了組織一個(gè)更完善的聯(lián)邦，樹立正義，保障國內(nèi)的安寧，
建立共同的國防，增進(jìn)全民福利和確保我們自己及我們后代能安享自由帶來的幸福，乃為
美利堅(jiān)合眾國制定和確立這一部憲法。
Article I
Section 1 - Legislative powers; in whom vested
All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States,
which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
第一條
第一款本憲法所規(guī)定的立法權(quán)，全屬合眾國的國會，國會由一個(gè)參議院和一個(gè)眾議院組成。
Section 2 - House of Representatives, how and by whom chosen Qualifications of a
Representative. Representatives and direct taxes, how apportioned. Enumeration.
Vacancies to be filled. Power of choosing officers, and of impeachment.
1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second
year by the people of the several States, and the elector in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State
Legislature.
眾議院應(yīng)由各州人民每兩年選舉一次之議員組成，各州選舉人應(yīng)具有該州州議會中人數(shù)最
多之一院的選舉人所需之資格。
2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five
years, and been seven years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when
elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
凡年齡未滿二十五歲，或取得合眾國公民資格未滿七年，或于某州當(dāng)選而并非該州居民者，
均不得任眾議員。
3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which
may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall
be determined by adding the whole number of free persons, including those bound to
service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other
persons.(The previous sentence was superceded by Amendment XIV，前面語句已由憲法
修正案XIV替代). The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten
years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall
not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one
Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire
shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and
Georgia three.
眾議員人數(shù)及直接稅稅額，應(yīng)按聯(lián)邦所轄各州的人口數(shù)目比例分配，此項(xiàng)人口數(shù)目的計(jì)算
法，應(yīng)在全體自由人民－－包括訂有契約的短期仆役，但不包括末被課稅的印第安人－－
數(shù)目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。實(shí)際人口調(diào)查，應(yīng)于合眾國國會第一次會議
后三年內(nèi)舉行，并于其后每十年舉行一次，其調(diào)查方法另以法律規(guī)定之。眾議員的數(shù)目，
不得超過每三萬人口有眾議員一人，但每州至少應(yīng)有眾議員一人，在舉行人囗調(diào)查以前，
各州得按照下列數(shù)目選舉眾議員: 新罕布什爾三人、馬薩諸塞八人、羅德島及普羅維登斯
墾殖區(qū)一人、康涅狄格五人、紐約州六人．新澤西四人、賓夕法尼亞八人、特拉華一人、
馬里蘭六人、弗吉尼亞十人、北卡羅來納五人、南卡羅來納五人、喬治亞三人。
4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority
thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
任何一州的眾議員有缺額時(shí)，該州的行政長官應(yīng)頒選舉令，選出眾議員以補(bǔ)充缺額。
5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall
have the sole power of impeachment.
眾議院應(yīng)選舉該除議長及其他官員，只有眾議院具有提出彈劾案的權(quán)力。
Section 3 - Senators, how and by whom chosen. How classified. State Executive, when to
make temporary appointments, in case, etc. Qualifications of a Senator. President of the
Senate, his right to vote. President pro tem., and other officers of the Senate, how
chosen. Power to try impeachments. When President is tried, Chief Justice to preside.
Sentence.
1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State,for
six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.
合眾國的參議院由每州選舉兩名參議員組成之，參議員的任期為六年，每名參議員有一票
表決權(quán)。
2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they
shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the
first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the
expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so
that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation,
or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may
make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall
then fill such vacancies. (The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XVII)
合眾國的參議院由每州的州議會選舉兩名參議員組成之，參議員的任期為六年，每名參議
員有一票表決權(quán)。參議員于第一次選舉后舉行會議之時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即盡量均等地分成三組。
第一組參議員的任期，到第二年年終時(shí)屆滿，第二組到第四年年終時(shí)屆滿，第三組到第六
年年終時(shí)屆滿，俾使每兩年有三分之一的參議員改選，如果在某州州議會休會期間，有參
議員因辭職或其它原因出缺，該州的行政長官得任命臨時(shí)參議員，等到州議會下次集會時(shí)，
再予選舉補(bǔ)缺（憲法修正案XVII對本條款做了部分修改）。
3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years,
and been nine years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be
an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
凡年齡未滿三十歲，或取得合眾國公民資格未滿九年，或于某州當(dāng)選而并非該州居民者，
均不得任參議員
4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall
have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
合眾國副總統(tǒng)應(yīng)為參議院議長，除非在投票票數(shù)相等時(shí)，議長無投票權(quán)。
5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the
absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of the President of the
United States.
參議院應(yīng)選舉該院的其他官員，在副總統(tǒng)缺席或執(zhí)行合眾國總統(tǒng)職務(wù)時(shí)，還應(yīng)選舉臨時(shí)議
長。
6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that
purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is
tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the
concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
所有彈劾案，只有參議院有權(quán)審理。在開庭審理彈劾案時(shí)，參議員們均應(yīng)宣誓或誓愿。如
受審者為合眾國總統(tǒng)，則應(yīng)由最高法院首席大法官擔(dān)任主席，在末得出席的參議員的三分
之二的同意時(shí)，任何人不得被判有罪。
7. Judgement in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from
office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under
the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to
indictment, trial, judgement and punishment, according to law.
彈劾案的判決，不得超過免職及取消其擔(dān)任合眾國政府任何有榮譽(yù)、有責(zé)任或有俸祿的職
位之資格，但被判處者仍須服從另據(jù)法律所作之控訴、審訊、判決及懲罰。
Section 4 - Times, etc., of holding elections, how prescribed. One session in each year.
1. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives,
shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any
time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.
各州州議會應(yīng)規(guī)定本州參議員及眾議員之選舉時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及程序，但國會得隨時(shí)以法律制
定或變更此種規(guī)定，惟有選舉議員的地點(diǎn)不在此例。
2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on
the first Monday in December,(The words in italics were superceded by Amendment
XX，憲法修正案對此有修改) unless they by law appoint a different day.
國會應(yīng)至少每年集會一次，開會日期應(yīng)為十二月的第一個(gè)星期一，除非他們通過法律來指
定另一個(gè)日期。
Section 5 - Membership, Quorum, Adjournments, Rules, Power to punish or expel.
Journal. Time of adjournments, how limited, etc.
1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own
members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller
number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance
of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may
provide.
參眾兩院應(yīng)各自審查本院的選舉、選舉結(jié)果報(bào)告和本院議員的資格，每院議員過半數(shù)即構(gòu)
成可以議事的法定人數(shù)，不足法定人數(shù)時(shí)，可以一天推一天地延期開會，并有權(quán)依照各該
議院所規(guī)定的程序和罰則，強(qiáng)迫缺席的議員出席。
2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for
disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.
參眾兩院得各自規(guī)定本院的議事規(guī)則，處罰本院擾亂秩序的議員，并且得以三分之二的同
意，開除本院的議員。
3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the
same, excepting such parts as may in their judgement require secrecy; and the yeas and
nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of
those present, be entered on the journal.
參眾兩院應(yīng)各自保存一份議事記錄，并經(jīng)常公布，惟各該院認(rèn)為應(yīng)保守秘密之部分除外，
兩院議員對于每一問題之贊成或反對，如有五分之一出席議員請求，則應(yīng)記載于議事記錄
內(nèi)。
4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other,
adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two
Houses shall be sitting.
在國會開會期間，任一議院未得別院同意，不得休會三日以上，亦不得遷往非兩院開會的
其他地點(diǎn)。
Section 6 - Compensation, Privileges, Disqualification in certain cases.
1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to
be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all
cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during
their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning
from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be
questioned in any other place.
參議員與眾議員得因其服務(wù)而獲報(bào)酬，報(bào)酬的多寡由法律定之，并由合眾國國庫支付。兩
院議員除犯叛國罪、重罪以及擾亂治安罪外，在出席各該院會議及往返各該院途中，有不
受逮捕之特權(quán)，兩院議員在議院內(nèi)所發(fā)表之演說及辯論，在其它場合不受質(zhì)詢。
2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be
appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have
increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States,
shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.
參議員或眾議員不得在其當(dāng)選任期內(nèi)擔(dān)任合眾國政府任何新添設(shè)的職位，或在其任期內(nèi)支
取因新職位而增添的俸祿，在合眾國政府供職的人，不得在其任職期間擔(dān)任國會議員。
Section 7 - House to originate all revenue bills. Veto. Bill may be passed by two-thirds of
each House, notwithstanding, etc. Bill, not returned in ten days to become a law.
Provisions as to orders, concurrent resolutions, etc.
1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the
Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.
有關(guān)征稅的所有法案應(yīng)在眾議院中提出，但參議院得以處理其它法案的方式，以修正案提
出建議或表示同意。
2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall,
before it become a law, be presented to the president of the United States; if he approve,
he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it
shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and
proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, two thirds of that house shall
agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by
which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it
shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by
yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be
entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the
president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him,
the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by
their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.
經(jīng)眾議院和參議院通過的法案，在正式成為法律之前，須呈送合眾國總統(tǒng)，總統(tǒng)如批準(zhǔn)，
便須簽署，如不批準(zhǔn)，即應(yīng)連同他的異議把它退還給原來提出該案的議院，該議院應(yīng)將異
議詳細(xì)記入議事記錄，然后進(jìn)行復(fù)議。倘若在復(fù)議之后，該議院議員的三分之二仍然同意
通過該法案，該院即應(yīng)將該法案連同異議書送交另一院，由其同樣予以復(fù)議，若此另一院
亦以三分之二的多數(shù)通過，該法案即成為法律。但遇有這樣的情形時(shí)，兩院的表決均應(yīng)以
贊同或反對來定，而贊同和反對該法案的議員的姓名，均應(yīng)由兩院分別記載于各該院的議
事記錄之內(nèi)。如總統(tǒng)接到法案后十日之內(nèi)(星期日除外) ，不將之退還，該法案即等于
曾由總統(tǒng)簽署一樣，成為法律¨準(zhǔn)有當(dāng)國會休會因而無法將該法案退還時(shí)，該法案才不得成
為法律。
3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of
Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be
presented to the president of the United States; and before the same shall take effect,
shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by
two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and
limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
任何命令、決議或表決(有關(guān)休會問題者除外) ，凡須由參議院及眾議院予以同意者，均
應(yīng)呈送合眾國總統(tǒng)，經(jīng)其此準(zhǔn)之后，方始生效，如總統(tǒng)不予批準(zhǔn)，則參眾兩院可依照對于
通過法案所規(guī)定的各種規(guī)則和限制，各以三分之二的多數(shù)，再行通過。
Section 8 - Powers of Congress
The Congress shall have the power
1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for
the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts
and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States:
國會有權(quán)規(guī)定并征收稅金、捐稅、關(guān)稅和其它賦稅，用以償付國債并為合眾國的共同防御
和全民福利提供經(jīng)費(fèi)，但是各種捐稅、關(guān)稅和其它賦稅，在合眾國內(nèi)應(yīng)劃一征收
2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States:
以合眾國的信用舉債
3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states,and with
the Indian tribes:
管理與外國的、州與州間的，以及對印第安部落的貿(mào)易
4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of
bankruptcies throughout the United States:
制定在合眾國內(nèi)一致適用的歸化條例，和有關(guān)破產(chǎn)的一致適用的法律
5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of
weights and measures:
鑄造貨幣，調(diào)議其價(jià)值，并確定外幣價(jià)值，以及制定度量衡的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the
United States:
制定對偽造合眾國證券和貨幣的懲罰條例
7. To establish post-offices and post-roads:
設(shè)立郵政局及建設(shè)驛路
8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries:
為促進(jìn)科學(xué)和實(shí)用技藝的進(jìn)步，對作家和發(fā)明家的著作和發(fā)明，在一定期限內(nèi)給予專利權(quán)
的保障
9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court:
設(shè)置最高法院以下的各級法院
10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences
against the law of nations:
界定并懲罰海盜罪、在公海所犯的重罪和違背國際公法的罪行
11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning
captures on land and water:
宣戰(zhàn)，對民用船舶頒發(fā)捕押敵船及采取報(bào)復(fù)行動(dòng)的特許證，制定在陸地和海面虜獲戰(zhàn)利品
的規(guī)則
12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a
longer term than two years:
募集和維持陸軍，但每次撥充該項(xiàng)費(fèi)用的款項(xiàng)，其有效期不得超過兩年
13. To provide and maintain a navy:
配備和保持海軍
14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces:
制定管理和控制陸海軍隊(duì)的各種條例
15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress
insurrections and repel invasions:
制定召集民兵的條例，以便執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦法律，鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂和擊退侵略
16. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing
such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to
the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the
militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress:
規(guī)定民兵的組織、裝備和訓(xùn)練，以及民兵為合眾國服務(wù)時(shí)的管理辦法，但各州保留其軍官
任命權(quán)，和依照國會規(guī)定的條例訓(xùn)練其民兵的權(quán)力
17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance
of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like
authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which
the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other
needful buildings: And,
對于由某州讓與而由國會承受，用以充當(dāng)合眾國政府所在地的地區(qū)(不超過10 平方英
里) ，握有對其一切事務(wù)的全部立法權(quán)，對于經(jīng)州議會同意，向州政府購得，用以建筑要
塞、彈藥庫、兵工廠、船塢和其它必要建筑物的地方，也握有同樣的權(quán)力并且
18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of
the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
為了行使上述各項(xiàng)權(quán)力，以及行使本憲法賦予合眾國政府或其各部門或其官員的種種權(quán)力，
制定一切必要的和適當(dāng)?shù)姆?BR>Section 9 - Provision as to migration or importation of certain persons. Habeas Corpus，
Bills of attainder, etc. Taxes, how apportioned. No export duty. No commercial
preference. Money, how drawn from Treasury, etc. No titular nobility. Officers not to
receive presents, etc.
1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall
think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year 1808,
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importations, not exceeding 10 dollars for
each person.
對于現(xiàn)有任何一州所認(rèn)為的應(yīng)準(zhǔn)其移民或入境的人，在一八零八年以前，國會不得加以禁
止，但可以對入境者課稅，惟以每人不超過十美元為限。
2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in
cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
不得中止人身保護(hù)令所保障的特權(quán)，惟在叛亂或受到侵略的情況下，出于公共安全的必要
時(shí)不在此限
3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
不得通過任何剝奪公民權(quán)的法案或者追溯既往的法律
4. No capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or
enumeration herein before directed to be taken. (Modified by Amendement XVI，憲法修
正案XVI有修改)
除非按本憲法所規(guī)定的人口調(diào)查或統(tǒng)計(jì)之比例，不得征收任何人口稅或其它直接稅
5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.
對各州輸出之貨物，不得課稅
6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of
one state over those of another: nor shall vessels bound to, or from one state, be obliged
to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
任何有關(guān)商務(wù)或納稅的條例，均不得賦予某一州的港口以優(yōu)惠待遇，亦不得強(qiáng)迫任何開往
或來自某一州的船舶，駛?cè)牖蝰偝隽硪恢荩蛳蛄硪恢菁{稅
7. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations
made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all
public money shall be published from time to time.
除了依照法律的規(guī)定撥款之外，不得自國庫中提出任何款項(xiàng)，一切公款收支的報(bào)告和帳目，
應(yīng)經(jīng)常公布
8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no person holding any
office or profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of
any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or
foreign state.
合眾國不得頒發(fā)任何貴族頭銜: 凡是在合眾國政府擔(dān)任有俸祿或有責(zé)任之職務(wù)者，末經(jīng)國
會許可，不得接受任何國王、王子或外國的任何禮物、薪酬、職務(wù)或頭銜
Section 10 - States prohibited from the exercise of certain powers.
1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque
and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a
tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing
the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.
各州不得締結(jié)任何條約、結(jié)盟或組織邦聯(lián)，不得對民用船舶頒發(fā)捕押敵船及采取報(bào)復(fù)行動(dòng)
之特許證，不得鑄造貨幣，不得發(fā)行紙幣，不得指定金銀幣以外的物品作為償還債務(wù)的法
定貨幣，不得通過任何剝奪公民權(quán)的法案、追溯既往的法律和損害契約義務(wù)的法律，也不
得頒發(fā)任何貴族頭銜。
2. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on
imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection
laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or
exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall
be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.
未經(jīng)國會同意，各州不得對進(jìn)口貨物或出口貨物征收任何稅款，但為了執(zhí)行該州的檢查法
律而有絕對的必要時(shí)，不在此限，任何州對于進(jìn)出囗貨物所征的稅，其凈收益應(yīng)歸合眾國
國庫使用，所有這一類的檢查法律，國會對之有修正和監(jiān)督之權(quán)。
3. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops,
or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state,
or with a foreign power, or engage in a war, unless actually invaded, or in such
imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
未經(jīng)國會同意，各州不得征收船舶噸位稅，不得在和平時(shí)期保持軍隊(duì)和軍艦，不得和另外
一州或國締結(jié)任何協(xié)定或契約，除非實(shí)際遭受入侵，或者遇到刻不容緩的危急情形時(shí)，不
得從事戰(zhàn)爭。
Article II
Section 1- President: his term of office. Electors of President; number and how
appointed. Electors to vote on same day. Qualification of President. On whom his duties
devolve in case of his removal, death, etc. President's compensation. His oath of office.
1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He
shall hold office during the term of four years, and together with the Vice President,
chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:
行政權(quán)力賦予美利堅(jiān)合眾國總統(tǒng)�？偨y(tǒng)任期四年，總統(tǒng)和具有同樣任期的副總統(tǒng)，應(yīng)照下
列手續(xù)選舉
2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature may direct, a number of
electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State
may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an
office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The
electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of
whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And
they shall make a list of all the persons voted for each; which list they shall sign and
certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of Government of the United States, directed to
the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the
Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then
be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if
such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be
more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the
House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President;
and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall
be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for
this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a
majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of
the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the
Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate
shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.(The clause in italics was
superceded by Amendment XII)
每州應(yīng)依照該州州議會所規(guī)定之手續(xù)，指定選舉人若干名，其人數(shù)應(yīng)與該州在國會之參議
員及眾議員之總數(shù)相等，但參譏員、眾議員及任何在合眾國政府擔(dān)任有責(zé)任及有俸祿之職
務(wù)的人，均不得被指定為選舉人。各選舉人應(yīng)于其本身所屬的州內(nèi)集會，每人投票選舉二
人，其中至少應(yīng)有一人不屬本州居民。選舉人應(yīng)開列全體被選人名單，注明每人所得票數(shù)，
他們還應(yīng)簽名作證明，并將封印后的名單送至合眾國政府所在地交與參議院議長。參議院
議長應(yīng)于參眾兩院全體議員之前，開拆所有來件，然后計(jì)算票數(shù)。得票最多者，如其所得
票數(shù)超過全體選舉人的半數(shù)，即當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)，如同時(shí)不止一人得票過半數(shù)，旦又得同等票
數(shù)，則眾議院應(yīng)立即投票表決，選畢其中一人為總統(tǒng)，如無人得票過半數(shù)，則眾議院應(yīng)自
得票最多之前五名中用同樣方法選舉總統(tǒng)。但依此法選舉總統(tǒng)時(shí)，應(yīng)以州為單位，每州之
代表共有一票，如全國三分之二的州各有一名或多名眾議員出席，即構(gòu)成選舉總統(tǒng)的法定
人數(shù)，當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)者需獲全部州的過半數(shù)票。在每次這樣的選舉中，于總統(tǒng)選出后，其獲得
選舉人所投票數(shù)最多者，即為副總統(tǒng)。但如有二人或二人以上得票相等時(shí)，則應(yīng)由參議院
投票表決，選學(xué)其中一人為副總統(tǒng)。（憲法修正案XII已經(jīng)替代本條款）
3. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which
they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States.
國會得決定各州選出選舉人的時(shí)期以及他們投票的日子，投票日期全國一律。
4. No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time
of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither
shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.
只有出生時(shí)為合眾國公民，或在本憲法實(shí)施時(shí)已為合眾國公民者，可被選為總統(tǒng)，凡年齡
未滿三十五歲，或居住合眾國境內(nèi)未滿十四年者，不得被選為總統(tǒng)。
5 . In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or
inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on
the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death,
resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer
shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be
removed, or a President shall be elected. (This clause has been modified by Amendment
XX and Amendment XXV)
如遇總統(tǒng)被免職，或因死亡、辭職或喪失能力而不能執(zhí)行其權(quán)力及職務(wù)時(shí)，總統(tǒng)職權(quán)應(yīng)由
副總統(tǒng)執(zhí)行之。國會得以法律規(guī)定，在總統(tǒng)及副總統(tǒng)均被免職，或死亡、辭職或喪失能力
時(shí)，由何人代理總統(tǒng)職務(wù)，該人應(yīng)即遵此視事，至總統(tǒng)能力恢復(fù)，或新總統(tǒng)被選出時(shí)為止
（憲法修正案XX和XXV對本條款作了修改）。
6. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which
shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been
elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the
United States, or any of them.
總統(tǒng)得因其服務(wù)而在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)接受俸祿，在其任期之內(nèi)，俸金數(shù)額不得增加或減低，
他亦不得在此任期內(nèi)，自合眾國政府和任何州政府接受其它報(bào)酬
7. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or
affirmation:
在他就職之前，他應(yīng)宣誓或誓愿如下:
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of the President
of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution of the United States."
「我鄭重宣誓(或矢言) 我必忠誠地執(zhí)行合眾國總統(tǒng)的職務(wù)，并盡我最大的能力，維持、
保護(hù)和捍衛(wèi)合眾國憲法。
Section 2 - President to be Commander-in-Chief. He may require opinions of cabinet
officers, etc., may pardon. Treaty-making power. Nomination of certain officers. When
President may fill vacancies.
1. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United
States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the
United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of
the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the
United States, except in cases of impeachment.
總統(tǒng)為合眾國陸海軍的總司令，并在各州民兵奉召為合眾國執(zhí)行任務(wù)的擔(dān)任統(tǒng)帥，他可以
要求每個(gè)行政部門的主管官員提出有關(guān)他們職務(wù)的任何事件的書面意見，除了彈劫案之
外，他有權(quán)對于違犯合眾國法律者頒賜緩刑和特赦。
2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make
treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the
United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which
shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such
inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in
the heads of departments.
總統(tǒng)有權(quán)締訂條約，但須爭取參議院的意見和同意，并須出席的參議員中三分之二的人贊
成，他有權(quán)提名，并于取得參議院的意見和同意后，任命大使、公使及領(lǐng)事、最高法院的
法官，以及一切其他在本憲法中未經(jīng)明定、但以后將依法律的規(guī)定而設(shè)置之合眾國官員，
國會可以制定法律，酌情把這些較低級官員的任命權(quán)，授予總統(tǒng)本人，授予法院，或授予
各行政部門的首長。
3. The President shall have the power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the
recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next
session.
在參議院休會期間，如遇有職位出缺，總統(tǒng)有權(quán)任命官員補(bǔ)充缺額，任期于參議院下屆會
議結(jié)束時(shí)終結(jié)。
Section 3 - President shall communicate to Congress. He may convene and adjourn
Congress, in case of disagreement, etc. Shall receive ambassadors, execute laws, and
commission officers.
He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union,
and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and
expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them,
and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he may receive ambassadors,
and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and
shall commission all the officers of the United States.
總統(tǒng)應(yīng)經(jīng)常向國會報(bào)告聯(lián)邦的情況，并向國會提出他認(rèn)為必要和適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧�，供其考慮，
在特殊情況下，他得召集兩院或其中一院開會，并得于兩院對于休會時(shí)間意見不一致時(shí)，
命令兩院休會到他認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)期為止，他應(yīng)接見大使和公使，他應(yīng)注意使法律切實(shí)執(zhí)行，
并任命所有合眾國的軍官。
4 - All civil offices forfeited for certain crimes.
The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be
removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other
high crimes and misdemeanors.
合眾國總統(tǒng)、副總統(tǒng)及其他所有文官，因叛國、賄賂或其它重罪和輕罪，被彈劾而判罪者，
均應(yīng)免職。
Article III
Section 1- Judicial powers. Tenure. Compensation.
The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme court, and in
such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The
judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good
behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which
shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
第三條
第一款合眾國的司法權(quán)屬于一個(gè)最高法院以及由國會隨時(shí)下令設(shè)立的下級法院。最高
法院和下級法院的法官，如果盡忠職守，應(yīng)繼續(xù)任職，并按期接受俸祿作為其服務(wù)之報(bào)酬，
在其繼續(xù)任職期間，該項(xiàng)俸祿不得削減。
Section 2 - Judicial power; to what cases it extends. Original jurisdiction of Supreme
Court Appellate. Trial by Jury, etc. Trial, where
1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this
constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made
under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which
the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states, between
a state and Citizens of another state, between Citizens of different states, between
Citizens of the same state, claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a
state, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign states, Citizens or subjects. (This section
modified by Amendment XI)
司法權(quán)適用的范圍，應(yīng)包括在本憲法、合眾國法律、和合眾國已訂的及將訂的條約之下發(fā)
生的一切涉及普通法及衡平法的案件，一切有關(guān)大使、公使及領(lǐng)事的案件，一切有關(guān)海上
裁判權(quán)及海事裁判權(quán)的案件，合眾國為當(dāng)事一方的訴訟; 州與州之間的訴訟，州與另一州
的公民之間的訴訟，一州公民與另一州公民之間的訴訟，同州公民之間為不同之州所讓與
之土地而爭執(zhí)的訴訟，以及一州或其公民與外國政府、公民或其屬民之間的訴訟。
2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in
which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all
the other cases before-mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction,
both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the
Congress shall make.
在一切有關(guān)大使、公使、領(lǐng)事以及州為當(dāng)事一方的案件中，最高法院有最初審理權(quán)。在上
述所有其它案件中，最高法院有關(guān)于法律和事實(shí)的受理上訴權(quán)，但由國會規(guī)定為例外及另
有處理?xiàng)l例者，不在此限。
3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial
shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not
committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may
by law have directed.
對一切罪行的審判，除了彈劫案以外，均應(yīng)由陪審團(tuán)裁定，并且該審判應(yīng)在罪案發(fā)生的州
內(nèi)舉行，但如罪案發(fā)生地點(diǎn)并不在任何一州之內(nèi)，該項(xiàng)審判應(yīng)在國會按法律指定之地點(diǎn)或
幾個(gè)地點(diǎn)學(xué)行。
Section 3 - Treason defined. Proof of. Punishment of.
1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of
treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession
in open court.
只有對合眾國發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭，或投向它的敵人，予敵人以協(xié)助及方便者，方構(gòu)成叛國罪。無論
何人，如非經(jīng)由兩個(gè)證人證明他的公然的叛國行為，或經(jīng)由本人在公開法庭認(rèn)罪者，均不
得被判叛國罪。
2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder
of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the
person attainted.
國會有權(quán)宣布對于叛國罪的懲處，但因叛國罪而被剝奪公民權(quán)者，其后人之繼承權(quán)不受影
響，叛國者之財(cái)產(chǎn)亦只能在其本人在世期間被沒收。
Article IV
Section 1 - Each State to give credit to the public acts, etc. of every other State.
Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records and judicial
proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the
manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect
thereof.
各州對其它各州的公共法案、記錄、和司法程序，應(yīng)給予完全的信賴和尊重。國會得制定
一般法律，用以規(guī)定這種法案、記錄、和司法程序如何證明以及具有何等效力。
Section 2 - Privileges of Citizens of each State. Fugitives from Justice to be delivered up.
Persons held to service having escaped, to be delivered up.
1. The Citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of Citizens
in the several states.
每州公民應(yīng)享受各州公民所有之一切特權(quán)及豁免。
2. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee
justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the
state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction
of the crime.
凡在任何一州被控犯有叛國罪、重罪或其它罪行者，逃出法外而在另一州被緝獲時(shí)，該州
應(yīng)即依照該罪犯所逃出之州的行政當(dāng)局之請求，將該罪犯交出，以便移交至該犯罪案件有
管轄權(quán)之州。
3. No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into
another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labour, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or
labour may be due.(This clause superceded by Amendment XIII)
凡根據(jù)一州之法律應(yīng)在該州服役或服勞役者，逃往另一州時(shí)，不得因另一州之任何法律或
條例，解除其服役或勞役，而應(yīng)依照有權(quán)要求該項(xiàng)服役或勞役之當(dāng)事一方的要求，把人交
出（本條款已經(jīng)由XIII修正案替代）。
Section 3 - Admission of new States. Power of Congress over territory and other
property.
1. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union; but no new state shall be
formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by
the junction of two or more states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states
concerned, as well as of the Congress.
國會得準(zhǔn)許新州加入聯(lián)邦，如無有關(guān)各州之州議會及國會之同意，不得于任何州之管轄區(qū)
域內(nèi)建立新州，亦不得合并兩州或數(shù)州、或數(shù)州之一部分而成立新州。
2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and
regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States;
and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the
United States, or of any particular state.
國會有權(quán)處置合眾國之屬地及其它產(chǎn)業(yè)，并制定有關(guān)這些屬地及產(chǎn)業(yè)的一切必要的法規(guī)和
章則，本憲法中任何條文，不得作有損于合眾國或任何一州之權(quán)利的解釋。
Section 4 - Republican form of government guaranteed. Each State to be protected.
The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union, a republican form of
government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the
legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against
domestic violence.
合眾國保證聯(lián)邦中的每一州皆為共和政體，保障它們不受外來的侵略，并且根據(jù)各州州議
會或行政部門(當(dāng)州議會不能召集時(shí)) 的請求，平定其內(nèi)部的暴亂。
Article V
Constitution: how amended; proviso.
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall
propose amendments to this constitution, or on the application of the legislatures of
two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments,
which，in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this
constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by
conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be
proposed by the Congress: Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to
the year 1808, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section
of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal
suffrage in the Senate.
舉凡兩院議員各以三分之二的多數(shù)認(rèn)為必要時(shí)，國會應(yīng)提出對本憲法的修正案，或者， 當(dāng)
現(xiàn)有諸州三分之二的州議會提出請求時(shí)，國會應(yīng)召集修憲大會，以上兩種修正案，如經(jīng)諸
州四分之三的州議會或四分之三的州修憲大會批準(zhǔn)時(shí)，即成為本憲法之一部分而發(fā)生全部
效力，至于采用那一種批準(zhǔn)方式，則由國會議決，但一八零八年以前可能制定之修正案，
在任何情形下，不得影響本憲法第一條第九款之第一、第四兩項(xiàng)，任何一州，沒有它的同
意，不得被剝奪它在參議院中的平等投票權(quán)。
Article VI
Certain debts, ect. declared valid, Supremacy of Constitution, treaties, and laws of the
United States, Oath to support Constitution, by whom taken. No religious test.
1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this
constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under
the confederation.
合眾國政府于本憲法被批準(zhǔn)之前所積欠之債務(wù)及所簽訂之條約，于本憲法通過后，具有和
在邦聯(lián)政府時(shí)同等的效力。
2. This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance
thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United
States shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound
thereby, any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary
notwithstanding.
本憲法及依本憲法所制定之合眾國法律; 以及合眾國已經(jīng)締結(jié)及將要締結(jié)的一切條約，皆
為全國之最高法律，每個(gè)州的法官都應(yīng)受其約束，任何一州憲法或法律中的任何內(nèi)容與之
抵觸時(shí)，均不得有違這一規(guī)定。
3. The senators and representatives before-mentioned, and the members of the several
state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of
the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this constitution;
but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust
under the United States.
前述之參議員及眾議員，各州州議會議員，合眾國政府及各州政府之一切行政及司法官員，
均應(yīng)宣誓或誓愿擁護(hù)本憲法，但合眾國政府之任何職位或公職，皆不得以任何宗教標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作
為任職的必要條件。
Article VII
What ratification shall establish constitution.
The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the
establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same.
第七條
本憲法經(jīng)過九個(gè)州的制憲大會批準(zhǔn)后，即在批準(zhǔn)本憲法的各州之間開始生效。
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