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商務英語及學習  
聽力突破掌上寶之聽力突破超級技巧
作者:石家莊趙麗娜律師編輯   出處:法律顧問網(wǎng)·涉外m.jeanmcdaniel.com     時間:2011/4/4 22:09:00

如何在聽不懂的情況下
              照樣選對答案
              (中英文對照)
              ——學一點“害人”的、只對考試有用的技巧
              ——三大實用技巧,抓住聽力考試題的致命弱點,在緊張的聽力考場上運籌帷幄、
              穩(wěn)操勝券!
              這里所談的技巧以托?荚嚍闃颖荆怯⒄Z考試的典范,國內(nèi)的高考、四級、六級
等考試都在逐漸向它靠攏。
              以下比較難的部分采取中英文對照形式,其余的只給出英文,所有資料都適合進行三
最口腔肌肉訓練。編寫忱個部分的一個瘋狂目的是要求大家能夠用英文來告訴別人如何對付聽力考試!
這是李陽·克立茲的一貫信念:一步登天!
              首先讓我們來熟悉標準聽力考試的結(jié)構(gòu):
              [1] The Listening comprehension  section of the TOEFL contains fifty
 questions. There are three sections to this  part of the test.
              [2] Part A: in this section you hear a  short statement and you are
asked to select the answer closest in meaning to  what you heard. There are twenty
questions in Part A.
              [3] Part B: In this section you hear a  short dialogue between two
speakers. A third speaker will then ask you a  question about what was said. There are
fifteen questions in Part B.
              [4] Part C: In this section you hear  three longer talks. Either a
conversation between two people or a lecture given  by one person. Each talk is followed
by four to six questions, for which you  are asked to select the best answer. There are
 fifteen questions in art C.
              [5] Total time for the section is  about thirty minutes. There are
 fifty questions total on this section.
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌內(nèi)訓練記錄為:35秒]
              在進行聽力考試的時候,你要面對巨大的時間壓力!因為:
              You can't take any extra time for hard questions! (對于難的問題,你沒有多
余的時間!)
              無論聽懂還是聽不懂,難還是簡單,你都只有同樣的時間!只有一次機會!很多人
由于心理素質(zhì)差和缺 乏技巧而在聽力考試中一敗涂地!所以聽力考 試就象一場 競爭激 烈的體育
運動!有人把它比作打網(wǎng)球:
              [1] Even if you've never played  tennis, you've probably at some
point in your life seen it played. Your goal  for this section is to learn to play the
game of Listening comprehension.  Understanding what is on the tape is only one small
part o the game. First of  all, you need to learn to pace[為…定步調(diào);掌握速度] yourself.
Think for a moment about what makes a good  tennis player
              [2] Bad tennis players spend a lot of  time watching the ball and
 running to try to catch up to it.
              [3] Good tennis players spend a lot of  time watching their opponents
to anticipate [預料] where the ball will go so that they can  be there first and be ready
 to hit it back.
              [4] Most people take the Listening  Comprehension section the way
bad tennis players play tennis——always running a  little bit behind. To do well on
 this section, you need to stay one step ahead  of your opponent——you need to stay
ahead of the questions.
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌內(nèi)訓練記錄為:35秒]
              翻譯的最高境界:中國人說中國話
              (即使你從來沒有打過網(wǎng)球,但你要能看過別人打。你現(xiàn)在要做的就是學會玩聽力
考試的游戲。聽懂只是這個游戲的一小部分。首先,你需要學習如何控制自己的步調(diào)。現(xiàn)在讓我們來
看看一個好的網(wǎng)球運動員是如何做的。
              普通的網(wǎng)球運動者把大部分時間用在盯著別人的球, 然后再倉促地跑過去接球,完
全處于被動地位;而網(wǎng)球高手則是盯著對手,并預料球的方向以便先發(fā)制人。
              大多數(shù)參加聽力考試的人表現(xiàn)得就象那個普通的網(wǎng)球運動者,總是慢 一步。所以要
想做好聽力考試,你必須比對手先行一步,你必須走在問題的前面。
              下面我們來談一談技巧。李陽·克立茲聽力訓練的硬功夫要求是:像母語那樣去聽
懂!這里所談的技巧主要是幫助那些聽力很差的人對付考試、蒙混過關,當然對具有英語真功夫的
朋友,這些技巧 也會幫助他們更加穩(wěn)操勝券!
              技巧一: Reading  ahead提前閱讀
              You have about twelve seconds to answer each of the questions in Parts A
 and B,  no matter how hard or easy each question may seem. The best use of these twelve
 seconds is to use them to get a sense of [進行大致了解] the upcoming [即將到來的]
question. To do  this:
              Read the answer choices before you hear each question.
              (在聽每個問題之前,先抓緊時間閱讀四個選擇答案。)
              When you take the test, you will hear the voice on the tape reading the
  directions for Part A. You will not be able to see the question for Part A  until
the directions have been read. However, you should turn the page the  instant [一…就]
you  hear the end of the directions, which sounds something like this:
              Sentence (B)"Could you help me carry these books" is closest in  meaning
to the sentence you heard. Therefore you should choose answer (B).
              As you are turning the page you will hear
              Go on to the next page. Now let us begin Part A with question number one.
              But by then you should already be reading the answer choices to question 1
 in  order to get ready to listen. Then, as soon as you hear
              Question number one…
              Followed by whatever that question may be, choose your answer and mark it
 as  quickly as possible. Now you can use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the 
answer choices for qwuestion2, and so on
              (聽到第一個問題后,就迅速選擇答案,然后以最快的速度標記答案。這時你就可以
用剩余的/節(jié)省出來的十二秒鐘去閱讀下一個問題的選擇答案。)
              The key to this method is discipline [紀律]. You'll find you tend to want
to linger [逗留;耽擱] on each of the  questions until you hear the beginning of the next
 one. DON'T DO IT! That's how  you can end up [以…結(jié)束] missing two or three questions
in a row; if you don't know  the answer, GUESS an move on!
              (這個方法的關鍵是紀律。你可能會猶豫不定,在每個問題上耽擱久,直至你聽到下
一個問題開始。千萬不要這么做!否則你可能會連續(xù)錯過兩、三個問題,如果你不知道答案,只管
猜,然后就繼續(xù)前進。)
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為:60秒]
              提前閱讀技巧四步驟總結(jié)
              [請用英文講給別人聽]
  ²        When you hear the end  of the instructions begin reading the answer
choices for question 1.
  ²        As soon as you hear  the question, guess.
  ²        Use the rest of the  twelve seconds to read the answer choices for
the next question.
  ²        Repeat steps 2 and 3  until the end of Part A.
              技巧二: Guess  the Topic猜測話題
              Staying ahead of the questions helps you overcome the problems caused by
 the  time pressure on this section. Any time you don't see the correct answer, just
guess and keep moving. Now that you're keeping up with the ball in this game,  that is ,
staying ahead of the questions, you can begin to practice the second  skill you need to
 win — anticipating [預料] what you opponent will do. It's time to  tackle [處理;應付]
the  second major difficulty of this section.
              (走在問題的前面幫助你克服了由于時間緊張而引起的問題。如果你一下找不到正確
的答案,就只管進行猜測,然后繼續(xù)做下面的題目。既然你已經(jīng)能夠跟得上這場聽力游戲中“球”的
速度,那么你就可以開始操練第二個技巧——預料你對手的舉動,F(xiàn)在是你對付第二個主要難題的時
候了。)
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為:15秒]
              1.No  context沒有上下文/沒有前后關聯(lián)
              In face-to-face conversation there are a lot of things that you rely on
to help  you understand what the other person is saying — facial expressions, hand 
gestures, and what you know about the person or the topic all give additional  meaning
to the words used. Furthermore if this person uses some words or  expressions that
you 're not familiar with, you can use the context of the rest  of the conversation to
 help you figure out what they mean.
              (在面對面的談話中,你可以依*很多東西來幫助你理解對方的話——面部表情、手勢
和你所了解的對方的情況和話題,這些都給你額外的含義。另外,如果對方用了你不熟悉的單詞和
表達法,你可以借助其余對話的線索來理解它們的含義。)
              All of these cues [線索;提示] are gone on Parts A and B of the Listening
comprehension  section. Aside from time, the largest hurdle to get over in order to do
 well on  this section is that lack of context. For the questions on Parts A and B the
  information presented is isolated [孤立的]. The question you're waiting to hear on 
the tape could be about anything. You can't see the person speaking, so it's  much harder
 to figure out their emotional state or opinion.
              (在聽力第一和第二部分,這些線索通通消失。除了時間的因素,這個部分的最大障
礙就是缺乏上下文,所有的信息都是孤立的。你準備聽到的可能是任何東西。你看不到那個人在說
話,所以理解他們的感情狀態(tài)和想法非常困難。)
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為:30秒]
              2.Guess the  topic猜測話題
              You're reading ahead, you've heard the end of the instructions for Part
A, and  you begin to read the answer choices for question 1. Let's say the choices are:
            1.(A) I never heard the lecture.
              (B) That kind of lecture never fascinates me.
              (C) That lecture was the most fascinating I've heard.
              (D) I would have preferred a different lecture.
              What are most of the answer choices about? A lecture. So the stem will
have to  be about the same thing. Now you have a context. You know it will have 
something to do with a lecture. Your task is to find out more information about  it.
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為:23秒]
              技巧三: Three  Ways to Find the Right Answer
           三個找到正確答案的方法
              Reading ahead helps you keep up. Guessing the topic supplies you with a
context  and helps you listen actively. These three techniques help you narrow down
[縮。幌拗品秶鷀 your choices  whether or not you have actually understood what is
 spoken on the tape .
              [李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為:8秒]
              1.  OPPOSITES相反的選擇
              One of ETS's [美國教育考試機構(gòu)]  favorite kind of wrong answers is one
 that traps people who almost understood  the stem. It looks pretty similar to the
correct answer, but means the  opposite.
              For example:
              (A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
              (B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
              (C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
              (D) Mary has had a terrible cough since  Sunday.
              In the example above, (A) and (B) are what we call opposites, that is,
both  statements could not be true. Of a typical Listening comprehension section, one 
third to one half of the questions contain opposites. This is good news for you  because:
              If there is one pair of opposites in the answer choices, one of them is
the  right answer!
              (如果在四個選擇答案中有兩個對立/相反的句子,那么其中一個就是正確答案。)
              Even if you never hear the question, you now have a 50 percent chance of
 answering this question correctly. Furthermore a pair of opposites in the  answer
choices tells you exactly what the stem will be about. You only have to  listen to hear
 confirmation [確認;證實] of one or the other of the two opposites.
              Find the opposites in the example below:
            1.(A) Stone does not enjoy clothes  shopping.
              (B) Stone ate while he tried on the clothes.
              (C) Buying clothing is a pleasure for Stone.
              (D) Not one piece of clothing was available in his size.
              In this example, the opposites are (A), which say that stone doesn't like
to  buy clothes, and (C), which says that he does. Now when you hear the stem, you
 only need to find out which one is true. The stem is:
              If there's one thing Stone hates, It's buying clothes.
              So the correct answer is (A).
              Now try this one. First, reading the answer choices and find the opposites.
            2.(A) I think your desk is far too  tiny.
              (B) Your desk is too messy.
              (C) I think you need a new desk.
              (D) I cleaned up your desk.
              The opposites are (B) and (D). If you didn't recognize them, you need to be
a  little more broad in your understanding of the term. (B) implies that the desk  is messy,
 and (D) implies that the desk is clean. That's enough for them to be  considered opposites.
 So now all you need to do is decide if the desk is clean  or messy. When you hear the stem.
              My, your desk could sure use some tidying up!
              You know the answer is (B).
              2.COMMON  SENSE常識
              The people who write the TOEFL have very conservative tastes. None of their
  statements or dialogues will contain anything controversial, violent,  passionate, or silly.
              (編寫托?荚嚨娜吮容^保守,他們的句子和對話都不會包含有爭議的、激烈的、熱烈
的和愚蠢的東西。)
              Remember, you can use common sense to eliminate three types of wrong answers:
              Type 1: Answer choices that are too extreme [極端].
              (A) Sunday is  a day Mary often works.
              (B) Mary  rarely works on Sunday.
              (C) Some days  Mary's work is awful.
              (D) Mary has  had a terrible cough since Sunday.
              Answer (C) is too extreme to be a good bet. ETS would probably say someone's
  work was "unsatisfactory" or even "bad", but not  "awful." Just remember, ETS can't afford
 to offend anyone: any  answers that might be controversial are automatically wrong.
              Type 2: Answer choices that have wrong subject, for example:
              (A) He is a  good football player.
              (B) He doesn't  understand football at all.
              (C) He lives  right across that field.
              (D) Playing  football indoors is forbidden.
              Since most of the answer choices are about football, you know that  "football"
is the topic of the stem, therefore you can eliminate  answer (C). Now here's the stem
              He sure seems right at home on the football field.
              The closest in meaning is answer (A). By the way, did you notice that (A)
 and  (B) were opposites?
              Type 3: Answer choices that are just plain silly [明顯的愚蠢], for example:
              (A) Rob is too  tall to be an actor.
              (B) Rob's  performance was excellent.
              (C) He didn't  see Rob on stage.
              (D) Rob was  suspended above the stage.
              Answer (A) is just silly. How can someone be too tall to be an actor? Answer
 choice (D) is weird [奇怪的] too. Now here's the stem.
              W: How was Rob in the new play last night?
              M: Great! He was head and shoulders above the rest of the cast.
              Q: what does that man mean?
              The expression "head and shoulders above" means "far better  than", so the
closest is meaning is answer (B). Notice that both silly answers,  (A) and (D), are based
on literal interpretations[字面理解] of the expression "head and  shoulders above". If you
hear something in the stem that doesn't make  literal sense, it's an idiom. Idioms are a
 signal to be on the lookout for [提防;尋找] answer choices  that take that idiom literally
and turn it into something silly.
              3.OPPOSITES相反的選擇
              Another of ETS's favorite trap answers is what we call a sound-alike.
 Sound-alikes take some of the words and sounds from the statement or dialogue  and rearrange
them so that they have a totally different meaning. Remember this  example?
              (A) Sunday is  a day Mary often works.
              (B) Mary  rarely works on Sunday.
              (C) Some days  Mary's work is awful.
              (D) Mary has  had a terrible cough since Sunday.
              The statement was
              Sunday is usually Mary's day off.
              We already found the opposites in these answers, (A) and (B), and one extreme
 answer, (C). So now look at how ETS might trap you with sounds. Notice how many  things in
the answer choices echo [回響] the word "off' in the statement— "often", "awful"  and
"cough". And in answer (C),The one answer choice without Sunday, has  been replaced with
 "some days". The right answer, (B), is one of the  pair of opposites, is not silly or
extreme, and contains the fewest  sound-alikes.
              After you've found the opposites and silly answers, choose the answer choice 
that sounds "least " like what you heard on the tape.
              You'll notice that many sound-alikes can also be eliminated using common sense.
              Summary of Strategy
              技巧總結(jié)
              Step 1: Read the answer choices before you hear the question.
              Step 2: While reading, look for
  ²    The topic for Part A.
  ²    The topic or the question for Part B.
  ²    Opposite pairs in the answer choices
  ²    Anything that violates common sense.
              Step 3: Listen to confirm what you found in step 2.
              Step 4: Choose your answer. If you are still undecided, choose the answer 
choice containing the fewest sounds from the statement or dialogue.

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