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商務(wù)英語(yǔ)及學(xué)習(xí) |
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英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作詞匯量不足時(shí)如何應(yīng)急 |
出處:法律顧問(wèn)網(wǎng)·涉外m.jeanmcdaniel.com
時(shí)間:2011/6/27 12:08:00 |
做書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí),我們常常會(huì)碰到這種情況:一個(gè)意思往往因一個(gè)單詞不會(huì)而表達(dá)不清;一個(gè)好的句子因一個(gè)單詞想不起來(lái)而不能完成。面對(duì)這種情況,該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?下面介紹三種簡(jiǎn)便易行的應(yīng)急措施,希望能對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。 一、換用籠統(tǒng)詞 詞大體可分為兩類:籠統(tǒng)詞和具體詞。籠統(tǒng)詞的特點(diǎn)在于意義廣泛、搭配性強(qiáng)。雖然它們獨(dú)自不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作,但在構(gòu)成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫(xiě)作中遇到一些具體詞寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的時(shí)候,用籠統(tǒng)詞取代,能收到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統(tǒng)詞有 have,take,it, issue等。 例:邁克經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time.寫(xiě)作時(shí),若忘記了experience可用籠統(tǒng)詞have代替,寫(xiě)成M ike had a terrible hard time.同樣能收到預(yù)期效果。 再看幾例:Are you married?= Do you have a wife /husband? Do you understand my meaning?=Do you take my meaning? She will subscribe(訂閱)to Chi- na Today.=She will take China To- day.
二、換用同義詞、反義詞 遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞或一時(shí)想不起的詞時(shí),可采用發(fā)散性思維,發(fā)揮想象力,盡可能想出與之有關(guān)的同義詞、反義詞,利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、多層次、多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言,使單詞受阻現(xiàn)象得以解決。 例:昨晚李雷做了一場(chǎng)惡夢(mèng)。 Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高,不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為:Li Lei had a bad dream last night. 再如:The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious. We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine. This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet. This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap. 三、換用迂回表達(dá) 當(dāng)一個(gè)詞或某些信息表達(dá)起來(lái)有困難時(shí),要充分利用語(yǔ)言本身詞匯豐富、句型多變等特點(diǎn),進(jìn)行迂回表達(dá)。因?yàn)槿魏我环N表達(dá)形式,只要能達(dá)意便可接受。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察劃線部分詞語(yǔ),看看是如何迂回表達(dá)的。 例:1.我從未見(jiàn)到過(guò)這樣頑固的人。 I"ve never seen such a stubborn person.=I"ve never seen such a person who never listens to other"s advice. 2.如果我們想得到文憑,我們必須首先通過(guò)考試。 If we want to obtain a diploma,we must first pass the exams.=If we want to get a graduation paper,we must first pass the exams. 3.工廠里的煙囪(chimney)拔地而起。 High chimneys have appeared in the factories.=The factories are full of high chimneys.=A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories. 4.他數(shù)學(xué)考試取得優(yōu)異成績(jī),被大學(xué)錄取了。 He passed the maths exam /succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student. 5.中午我們吃了野餐。 At noon we had a picnic.=At noon we had our lunch in the open air.
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