過去完成時(shí)

[例題]

1.Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.

（盡管他以前常弄哭他的小妹妹，今天卻被小妹妹弄哭了。）

2.We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

（當(dāng)這位老人來到我家時(shí)，我們剛剛用過早餐。）

3.Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.

（到那時(shí)，他們家已經(jīng)六個(gè)月沒有收到他的來信了。）

[解析]過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成，即“過去的過去”。常用的信號(hào)詞有by，before等介詞和用until，when，after，once，as soon as，by the end of等詞引導(dǎo)的表示到過去某一時(shí)間為止的時(shí)間狀語來表示。

[例題]

4.Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

（他剛到，她就開始抱怨。）

5.No sooner had he finished his performance than the audiences began to cheer.

（他剛表演完觀眾就喝彩。）

[解析]過去完成時(shí)常用在"no sooner...than",和"hardly...when(before)"等句型的主句中，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。

[例題]

6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

（有人敲門，那是那天晚上打擾我的第二個(gè)。）

7.I found that my cheating in yesterday's English test had been reported to my parents that very evening.

（我發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于我昨天英語中作弊之事，在當(dāng)天晚上就通知我父母了。）

[解析]過去完成時(shí)常用于賓語從句和定語從句中。

[例題]

8.I had hoped to seek your advice, but you happened to be away.

（我本來希望向你請(qǐng)教，但碰巧你不在。）

9.I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.

（我原來打算做塊蛋糕，但沒有時(shí)間了。）

[解析]動(dòng)詞hope，intend，mean，plan等使用過去完成時(shí)只表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、愿望等。如接賓語從句，從句往往用would+動(dòng)詞原形的形式。